IRON AND STEEL, IRON ORE, 
AND COAL STATISTICS 

TO THE END OF 1190?. 


COMPLIMENTS OF THE 
AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL 

PHILADELPHIA. 


















IRON AND STEEL, IRON ORE, 
AND COAL STATISTICS 


FOR 


THE UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN, 
GERMANY, FRANCE, AND BELGIUM. 


REVISED TO THE END OF 1901. 


BY JAMES M. SWANK, 

// 

General Manager of The American Iron and 
Steel Association. 


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PHILADELPHIA: 

The American Iron and Steel Association, 
No. 261 South Fourth Street. 

1902. 














PRESS OF 

ALLEN, LANE <* SCOTT, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

P. 

Author* 

$Je'03 




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CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Production of Coal in the United States.. 5, 6 

Production of Coke in the United States. 6, 7 

Shipments of Connellsville Coke. 7 

Shipments of Pocahontas Flat Top Coke. 8 

Production of Iron Ore in the United States. 8 

Production of Cornwall Iron Ore. 9 

Shipments of Lake Superior Iron Ore. 9, 10 

Imports of Iron Ore into the United States..10,11 

Shipments of Iron Ore from Cuba..11,12 

Production of Pig Iron in the United States. 13 

Production of Bessemer Steel in the United States. 14 

Production of Open-Hearth Steel in the United States, 14 

Total Production of Steel in the United States. 15 

Production and Prices of Bessemer Steel Rails in the 

United States ....15,16 

Production of Pig Iron in Great Britain. 17 

Production of Coal in Great Britain.. 18 

Production of Iron Ore in Great Britain.18,19 

Production of Bessemer Steel Ingots in Great Britain 19, 20 
Production of Open-Hearth Ingots in Great Britain ... 20 

Total Production of Steel in Great Britain.. 21 

Production of Iron Ore in Germany. 21, 22 

Production of Pig Iron in Germany .22, 23 

Production of Coal and Lignite in Germany.23, 24 

Production of Finished Steel in Germany. 24, 25 

Production of Iron Ore in France. 25, 26 

Production of Finished Steel in France. 26, 27 

Production of Bessemer and Open-Hearth Steel Ingots 

in France.. 27 

Production of Coal and Lignite in France. 28 

Production of Iron Ore in Algeria..28, 29 

Production of Pig Iron in France......'.. 29 

Production of Iron Ore in Belgium. 30 

Production of Pig Iron in Belgium.30, 31 

Production of Steel Ingots in Belgium. 31 

Production of Finished Steel in Belgium.31, 32 

Production of Coal in Belgium. 32 




































This compilation of Iron and Steel, Iron Ore, and 
Coal statistics for the United States and four European 
countries is presented to the members of the American 
Iron and Steel Association as a souvenir of the com¬ 
pletion at the date given below of my thirty years of 
continuous service first as Secretary and afterwards as 
General Manager of the Association. j. m. S. 

Philadelphia, December 31, 1902. 




IRON AND STEEL, IRON ORE, AND 
COAL STATISTICS TO 1901. 


We present herewith to the members of the Ameri¬ 
can Iron and Steel Association complete statistics of 
the production of iron and steel, iron ore, and coal in 
the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, and 
Belgium to the close of 1901, and also the production of 
iron ore in Algeria, beginning in most cases as far back 
as authentic statistics are available. We also add for 
the United States statistics of the production of coke to 
the close of 1901 and of the shipments of Connellsville 
and Pocahontas Flat Top coke; also statistics of the ship¬ 
ments of Lake Superior iron ore and of Cuban iron ore 
to the same date; also complete statistics of the imports 
of iron ore into the United States to the close of 1901. 


Production of Coal in the United States. 

The following table gives the production of all 
kinds of coal in the United States in gross tons 
in the census years 1870 and 1880, ending on the 
31st day of May of each year; in the census year 
1889, ending on the 31st day of December of that 
year; and in the calendar years from 1881 to 1888 
and from 1890 to 1901. Authentic statistics for 
earlier years are not available. Credit is due to 
the Census Bureau for the statistics for census 
years and to the Division of Mining and Min¬ 
eral Resources of the United States Geological 
Survey for the statistics for other years. 






6 


Years. 

Pennsylvania 

anthracite. 

Bituminous 
and all other. 

Total. 
Gross tons. 

1870. 

13,973,460 

15,369,120 

29,342,580 

1880.. 

25,572,160 

38,250,670 

63,822,830 

1881. 

28,500,016 

48,365,341 

76,865,357 

1882. 

31,358,264 

60,861,190 

92,219,454 

1883. 

34,336,469 

68,531,500 

102,867,969 

1884. 

33,175,756 

73,730,539 

106,906,295 

1885. 

34,228,548 

64,840,668 

99,069,216 

1886. 

34,853,077 

66,646,947 

101,500,024 

1887. 

37,578,747 

79,073,227 

116,651,974 

1888. 

41,624,611 

91,107,002 

132,731,613 

1889. 

40,665,152 

85,432,717 

126,097,869 

1890. 

41,489,858 

99,377,073 

140,866,931 

1891. 

45,236,992 

105,268,962 

150,505,954 

1892. 

46,850,450 

113,264,792 

160,115,242 

1893. 

48,185,306 

114,629,671 

162,814,977 

1894. 

46,358,144 

106,089,647 

152,447,791 

1895. 

51,785,122 

120,641,244 

172,426,366 

1896. 

48,523,287 

122,893,103 

171,416,390 

1897. 

46,974,714 

131,794,630 

178,769,344 

1898. 

47,663,075 

148,742,878 

196,405,953 

1899. 

53,944,647 

172,608,917 

226,553,564 

1900. 

51,221,353 

189,566,885 

240,788,238 

1901. 

60,242,560 

201,631,115 

261,873,675 


The maximum production of both anthracite 
and bituminous coal was attained in 1901. 


Production of Coke in the United States. 

The following table, compiled from the reports 
of the United States Geological Survey, gives the 
total production of coke in the United States 
from 1880 to 1901, in net tons of 2,000 pounds. 








































7 


Years. 

Net tons. 

Years. 

Net tons. 

Years. 

Net tons. 

1880.... 

3,338,300 

1888.. 

8,540,030 

1896.. 

11,788,773 

1881... 

4,113,760 

1889.. 

10,258,022 

1897.. 

13,288,984 

1882.... 

4,793,321 

1890.. 

11,508,021 

1898.. 

16,047,209 

1883.... 

5,464,721 

1891.. 

10,352,688 

1899.. 

19,668,569 

1884.... 

4,873,805 

1892.. 

12,010,829 

1900.. 

20,533,348 

1885.... 

5,106,696 

1893.. 

9,477,580 

1901.. 

21,795,883 

1886.... 

6,845,369 

1894.. 

9,203,632 



1887.... 

7,611,705 

1895. 

13,333,714 : 




The maximum production of coke in the Unit¬ 
ed States was reached in 1901. 


Shipments of Connellsville Coke. 

The following table, compiled from statistics 
furnished by Mr. Ii. P. Snyder, editor of the 
Connellsville Courier, gives the shipments of coke 
from the Connellsville region in Pennsylvania 
from 1880 to 1901, in net tons of 2,000 pounds. 
Statistics for earlier years are not available. 


Years. 

Net tons. 

Years. 

Net tons. 

Years. 

Net tons. 

1880... 

2,205,946 

1888.. 

4,955,553 

1896.. 

5,411,602 

1881.... 

2,639,002 

1889.. 

5,930,428 

1897.. 

6,915,052 

1882... 

3,043,394 

1890. 

6,464,156 

1898. 

8,460,112 

1883.... 

3,552,402 

1891.. 

4,760,665 

1899. 

10,129,764 

1884.... 

3,192,105 

1892.. 

6,329,452 

1900.. 

10,166,234 

1885.... 

3,096,012 

1893.. 

4,805,623 

1901.. 

12,609,949 

1886... 

1887.... 

4,180,521 

4,146,989 

1894.. 

1895.. 

5,454,451 

8,244,438 




The maximum shipments of coke from the 
Connellsville region were reached in 1901. 
















































8 


Shipments of Pocahontas Flat Top Coke. 


The following table gives the shipments of 
Pocahontas Flat Top coke from 1883 to 1901. 


Years. 

Net tons. 

Years. 

Net tons. 

Years. 

Net tons. 

1883... 

23,762 

1890. 

499,148 

1897.. 

855,756 

1884... 

56,360 

1891.. 

466,016 

1898.. 

1,276,172 

1885.... 

48,571 

1892.. 

499,777 

1899.. 

1,317,246 

1886.... 

59,021 

1893.. 

539,548 

1900.. 

1,341,444 

1887.... 

151,171 

1894. 

865,684 

1901.. 

1,279,972 

1888.... 

1889... 

202,808 

310,504 

1895.. 

1896.. 

707,697 

999,567 




The maximum shipments of Pocahontas Flat 
Top coke were reached in 1900. 


Production of Iron Ore in the United States. 

Previous to 1870 no iron ore statistics for the 
United States are complete. The figures for 1870 
and 1880 are for census years ending on May 31 
of those years. For 1889 (census year) and sub¬ 
sequent years they are for calendar years. Since 
1889 the statistics given have been compiled by 
the United States Geological Survey. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1870... 

3,031,891 

1892.. 

16,296,666 

1897.. 

17,518,046 

1880.... 

7,120,362 

1893.. 

11,587,629 

1898.. 

19,433,716 

1889.... 

14,518,041 

1894.. 

11,879,679 

1899. 

24,683,173 

1890.... 

16,036,043 

1895.. 

15,957,614 

1900.. 

27,553,161 

1891.... 

14,591,178 

1896.. 

16,005,449 

1901.. 

28,887,479 


The maximum production of iron ore in the 
United States was reached in 1901. 













































9 


Production of Cornwall Iron Ore. 

The following table gives the production of 
iron ore by the Cornwall mines in Pennsylvania 
from 1864 to 1901. The production from 1740 to 
February, 1864, amounted to 2,524,908 tons. The 
figures for 1864 are for 11 months only. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1864... 

165,915 

1877.. 

171,589 

1890. 

— 

686,302 

1865... 

114,803 

1878.. 

179,299 

1891.. 

663,755 

1866... 

216,660 

1879. 

268,488 

1892.. 

634,714 

1867.... 

202,755 

1880.. 

231,173 

1893.. 

439,705 

1868... 

165,843 

1881.. 

249,050 

1894.v 

371,710 

1869... 

173,429 

1882.. 

309,681 

1895.. 

614,598 

1870... 

174,408 

1883.. 

363,143 

1896.. 

463,059 

1871.... 

176,055 

1884.. 

412,320 

1897.. 

419,878 

1872.... 

193,317 

1885.. 

508,864 

1898. 

584,342 

1873... 

166,782 

' 1886.. 

688,054 

1899.. 

763,152 

1874.... 

112,429 

1887.. 

667,210 

1900.. 

558,713 

1875.... 

98,925 

1888.. 

722,917 

1901.. 

747,012 

1876... 

137,902 

1889.. 

769,020 


. 


The maximum production of iron ore by the 
Cornwall mines was reached in 1889. 


Shipments of Lake Superior Iron Ore. 

Three States, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minne¬ 
sota, now comprise the Lake Superior iron-ore 
region, which was originally confined to Michi¬ 
gan alone. Minnesota now leads her sister States 
in production. The following table gives the 
shipments of iron ore from the Lake Superior 
region from 1854 to 1901. The word shipments 
is not synonymous with production in this table. 


























10 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1854... 

3,000 

1870.. 

830,940 

1886.. 

3,568,022 

1855.... 

1,449 

1871. 

779,607 

1887.. 

4,730,577 

1856... 

36,343 

1872.. 

900,901 

1888.. 

5,063,693 

1857.... 

25,646 

1873.. 

1,162,458 

1889.. 

7,292,754 

1858... 

15,876 

1874.. 

919,557 

1890. 

9,012,379 

1859.... 

68,832 

1875.. 

891,257 

1891.. 

7,062,233 

1860... 

114,401 

1876.. 

992,764 

1892.. 

9,069,556 

1861... 

49,909 

1877.. 

1,015,087 

1893.. 

6,060,492 

1862.... 

124,169 

1878.. 

1,111,110 

1894.. 

7,748,932 

1863.... 

203,055 

1879.. 

1,375,691 

1895.. 

10,438,268 

1864.... 

243,127 

1880. 

1,908,745 

1896.. 

9,916,035 

1865... 

236,208 

1881.. 

2,306,505 

1897.. 

12,469,638 

1866.... 

278,796 

1882.. 

2,965,412 

1898.. 

14,024,673 

1867... 

473,567 

1883.. 

2,353,288 

1899- 

18,251,804 

1868... 

491,449 

1884. 

2,518,692 

1900. 

19,059,393 

1869.... 

617,444 

1885.. 

2,466,372 

1901.. 

20,589,237 


The maximum shipments of iron ore from the 
Lake Superior region were reached in 1901, but 
shipments will be greatly increased in 1902. 


Imports of Iron Ore into the United States. 

Tiie following table gives the total imports of 
iron ore into the United States in the fiscal years 
from June 30, 1871, to June 30, 1879, and the im¬ 
ports in the calendar years from January 1, 1879, 
to December 31, 1901. In 1879 this country for 
the first time imported iron ore largely from Eu¬ 
rope. Prior to that year such iron ore as was 
imported came chiefly from Canada, more than 
one-half of the total imports coming from that 
country in the calendar years 1873,1874, and 1875. 





























11 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1872.... 

23,733 

1882.. 

589,655 

1893.. 

526,951 

1873.... 

45,981 

1883.. 

490,875 

1894.. 

168,541 

1874.... 

57,987 

1884.. 

487,820 

1895.. 

524,153 

1875.... 

56,655 

1885. 

390,786 

1896.. 

682,806 

1876.... 

17,284 

1886.. 

1,039,433 

1897. 

489,970 

1877.... 

30,669 

1887.. 

1,194,301 

1898.. 

187,093 

1878.... 

28,212 

1888.. 

587,470 

1899.. 

674,082 

1879*.. 

150,197 

1889.. 

853,573 

1900.. 

897,831 

1879f.. 

284,141 

1890.. 

1,246,830 

1901.. 

966,950 

1880.... 

1881.... 

493,408 

782,887 

1891.. 

1892.. 

912,856 

806,585 




* Fiscal years end. t Calendar years begin. 


The maximum imports of iron ore into the 
United States were reached in 1890. 


Shipments of Iron Ore from Cuba. 

The first shipment of iron ore from the Prov¬ 
ince of Santiago, Cuba, to the United States was 
made by the Juragua Iron Company in August, 
1884. In October, 1892, the Sigua Iron Company 
first commenced to ship iron ore to the United 
States, and in 1895 the Spanish-American Iron 
Company first commenced shipping iron ore to 
the United States. The Cuban Steel Ore Com¬ 
pany for the first time commenced to ship iron 
ore in 1901. For the following complete details 
of the shipments of iron ore from Cuba we are 
indebted to Mr. Josiah Monroe, the secretary of 
the Juragua Iron Company. The figures given 
include a few lost cargoes, approximating 16,000 
tons. They embrace all shipments since 1884. 



























12 



Juragua Iron 
Company. 

Sigua 

Iron 

Co.* 

Spanish-Ameri- 
can Iron Co. 


Years— 

Gross 

tons. 

Ship¬ 
ments to 

Ship¬ 

ments 

to 

Ship¬ 
ments 
to the 
United 
States. 

Ship¬ 
ments to 

Ship¬ 

ments 

to 

Total- 

Gross 

tons. 


the Unit- 

other 

the Unit- 

other 



ed States. 

coun- 

ed States. 

coun- 




tries. 


tries. 


1884. 

25,295 

80,716 

112,074 





25,295 

80,716 

112,074 

1885. 





1886. 





1887. 

94,240 





94,240 

206,061 

260,291 

363,842 

264,262 

1888. 

206,061 

260,291 





1889. 





1890. 

363,842 

264,262 

335,236 

337,155 

156,826 

307,503 





1891. 





1892. 


6,418 



341,654 

351,175 

1893. 


14,020 



1894. 





156,826 

382,494 

1895. 



74,991 


1896. 

298,885 



114,110 


412,995 

1897. 

242,324 

5,932 


154,492 

51,537 

454,285 

1898. 

83,696 



84,643 


168,339 

1899. 

161,783 



215,406 


377,189 

1900. 

154,871 



292,001 


446,872 

1901. 

199,764 



322,142 

12,691. 

1552,248 

Total... 

3,684,824 

5,932 

20,438 

1,257,785 

64,228 

5,050,858 


Total shipments to the United States.tons 4,980,698 

Total shipments to other countries.tons 70,160 


* This company met with financial disaster and the mines 
that it operated in 1892 and 1893 are now idle. 

f Including 17,651 tons shipped to the United States in 1901 
by the Cuban Steel Ore Company, which has quit business. 



























































































































13 


Production of Pig Iron in the United States. 

The total production of pig iron in the United 
States in the past ninety-two years is showm in 
the following table. Prior to 1854 the statistics 
given were compiled by various Government and 
other statistical agencies. For 1854 and all suc¬ 
ceeding years the statistics were gathered by the 
American Iron and Steel Association. The sta¬ 
tistics for 1810, 1840, and 1850 are census figures. 
The figures for 1820 and 1830 are estimates made by 
early statisticians : census statistics are wanting. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1810.... 

53,908 

I860.. 

821,223 

1881.. 

4,144,254 

1820... 

20,000 

1861.. 

653,164 

1882.. 

4,623,323 

1828... 

130,000 

1862.. 

703,270 

1883.. 

4,595,510 

1829.... 

142,000 

1863.. 

846,075 

1884. 

4,097,868 

1830.... 

165,000 

1864.. 

1,014,282 

1885.. 

4,044,526 

1831... 

191,000 

1865.. 

831,770 

1886.. 

5,683,329 

1832... 

200,000 

1866. 

1,205,663 

1887.. 

6,417,148 

>—*■ 

OO 

O 

286,903 

1867.. 

1,305,023 

1888.. 

6,489,738 

1842.... 

215,000 

1868.. 

1,431,250 

1889.. 

7,603,642 

1846... 

765,000 

1869. 

1,711,287 

1890.. 

9,202,703 

1847. 

800,000 

1870.. 

1,665,179 

1891.. 

8,279,870 

1848.... 

800,000 

1871. 

1,706,793 

1892.. 

9,157,000 

1849.... 

650,000 

1872.. 

2,548,713 

1893.. 

7,124,502 

1850... 

563,755 

1873.. 

2,560,963 

1894.. 

6,657,388 

1852.... 

500,000 

1874.. 

2,401,262 

1895. 

9,446,308 

1854... 

657,337 

1875.. 

2,023,733 

1896.. 

8,623,127 

1855... 

700,159 

1876.. 

1,868,961 

1897.. 

9,652,680 

1856... 

788,515 

OO 

T—1 

2,066,594 

1898. 

11,773,934 

1857.... 

712,640 

1878.. 

2,301,215 

1899.. 

13,620,703 

1858.... 

629,548 

1879.. 

2,741,853 

1900.. 

13,789,242 

1859.... 

750,560 

1880.. 

3,835,191 

1901.. 

15,878,354 























14 


Production of Bessemer Steel in the 
United States. 


The following table gives the production of 
Bessemer steel in the United States, in gross tons. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

1867.... 

2,679 

1868... 

7,589 

1869.... 

10,714 

1870. 

37,500 

1871.... 

40,179 

1872.... 

107,239 

1873.... 

152,368 

1874.... 

171,369 

1875.... 

335,283 

1876.... 

469,639 

1877.... 

500,524 

1878.... 

653,773 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

1879’ 

829,439 

1880.. 

1,074,262 

1881.. 

1,374,247 

1882.. 

1,514,687 

1883.. 

1,477,345 

1884.. 

1,375,531 

1885.. 

1,519,430 

1886.. 

2,269,190 

1887. 

2,936,033 

1888.. 

2,511,161 

1889.. 

2,930,204 

1890.. 

3,688,871 




Years. 

Gross tons. 

1891... 

3,247,417 

1892. 

4,168,435 

1893.. 

3,215,686 

1894.. 

3,571,313 

1895.. 

4,909,128 

1896.. 

3,919,906 

1897.. 

5,475,315 

1898.. 

6,609,017 

1899.. 

7,586,354 

1900.. 

6,684,770 

1901.. 

8,713,302 


Production of Open-Hearth Steel in the 
United States. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1869... 

893 

1880.. 

100,851 

1891.. 

579,753 

1870... 

1,339 

1881.. 

131,202 

1892.. 

669,889 

1871.... 

1,785 

1882.. 

143,341 

1893.. 

737,890 

1872.... 

2,679 

1883.. 

119,356 

1894.. 

784,936 

1873... 

3,125 

1884.. 

117,515 

1895.. 

1,137,182 

1874.... 

6,250 

1885.. 

133,376 

1896.. 

1,298,700 

1875.... 

8,080 

co 

00 

oo 

i-H 

218,973 

1897.. 

1,608,671 

1876.... 

19,187 

1887.. 

322,069 

1898.. 

2,230,292 

1877.... 

22,349 

1888.. 

314,318 

1899.. 

2,947,316 

1878.... 

32,255 

1889.. 

374,543 

1900. 

3,398,135 

1879... 

50,259 

1890.. 

513,232 

1901.. 

4,656,309 










































15 


Total Steel Production in the United States. 

Tiie production of steel in the United States 
in the census year 1810 is returned at 917 gross 
tons. We have no further steel statistics until the 
census year 1860, when 11,838 gross tons are re¬ 
ported to have been made. No additional statis¬ 
tics are of record until 1863, when the production 
fell to 8,075 tons. From 1867 until 1901 the pro¬ 
duction of all kinds of crude steel, including steel 
castings, is shown in the following table. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1867.... 

19,643 

1879.. 

935,273 

1891. 

3,904,240 

1868... 

26,786 

1880.. 

1,247,335 

1892.. 

4,927,581 

1869.... 

31,250 

1881.. 

1,588,314 

1893. 

4,019,995 

1870... 

68,750 

1882.. 

1,736,692 

1894. 

4,412,032 

1871.... 

73,214 

1883.. 

1,673,535 j 

1895.. 

6,114,834 

1872.... 

142,954 

1884. 

1,550,879 

1896.. 

5,281,689 

1873... 

198,796 

1885.. 

1,711,920 

1897.. 

7,156,957 

1874... 

215,727 

1886.. 

2,562,503 

1898.. 

8,932,857 

1875.... 

389,799 

1887. 

3,339,071 

1899.. 

10,639,857 

1876.... 

533,191 

1888.. 

2,899,440 

1900.. 

10,188,329 

1877.... 

569,618 

1889.. 

3,385,732 

1901.. 

13,473,595 

1878.... 

731,977 

1890.. 

4,277,071 


. 


Production and Prices of Bessemer Steel 
Rails in the United States. 

The following table gives the annual produc¬ 
tion in gross tons of Bessemer steel rails in the 
United States from 1869 to 1901, together with 
their average annual price at works in Pennsyl¬ 
vania and the rates of duty imposed on foreign 
steel rails. The prices given are all in currency. 























16 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Price. 


Duty. 

1869. 

8,616 

$132.25 

- 

45 per cent, ad valo- 

1870. 

30,357 

106.75 


rem to Jan. 1, 1871. 

1871. 

34,152 

102.50^ 


\ 

1872. 

83,991 

112.00 



1873. 

115,192 

120.50 



1874. 

129,414 

94.25 


$28 per ton from Jan- 

1875. 

259,699 

68.75 


uary 1,1871, to Au- 

1876. 

368,269 

59.25 


gust 1,1872; $25.20 

1877. 

385,865 

45.50 


from August 1,1872, 

1878. 

491,427 

42.25 


to March 3, 1875 ; 

1879. 

610,682 

48.25 


$28 from March 3, 

1880. 

852,196 

67.50 


1875,to July 1,1883. 

1881. 

1,187,770 

61.13 



1882. 

1,284,067 

48.50 ^ 



1883. 

1,148,709 

37.75 

> 


1884. 

996,983 

30.75 



1885. 

959,471 

28.50 


$17 per ton from July 

1886. 

1,574,703 

34.50 


1, 1883, to October 

1887. 

2,101,904 

37.08 


6, 1890. 

1888. 

1,386,277 

29.83 



1889. 

1,510,057 

29.25 



1890. 

1,867,837 

31.75 


$13.44 per ton from 

1891. 

1,293,053 

29.92 


October 6, 1890, to 

1892. 

1,537,588 

30.00 


August 28, 1894. 

1893. 

1,129,400 

28.12 



1894. 

1,016,013 

24.00 ' 

- 

► 

1895. 

1,299,628 

24.33 



1896. 

1,116,958 

28.00 



1897. 

1,644,520 

18.75 


$7.84 per ton from 

1898. 

1,976,702 

17.62 


■ August 28, 1894. 

1899. 

2,270,585 

28.12 



1900. 

2,383,654 

32.29 



1901. 

2,870,816 

27.33 

■ 






















































17 


Production of Pig Iron in Great Britain. 

The following table gives the official Govern¬ 
ment statistics of the production of pig iron in 
the United Kingdom from 1740 to 1901. As there 
has been no iron industry in Ireland since about 
1740 the figures given relate solely to the produc¬ 
tion of pig iron by England, Scotland, and Wales. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1740.... 

17,350 

1856.. 

3,586,377 

1879. 

5,995,337 

1788... 

68,300 

1857.. 

3,659,447 

1880.. 

7,749,233 

1796... 

125,079 

1858.. 

3,456,064 

1881.. 

8,144,449 

1806.... 

243,851 

1859.. 

3,712,904 

1882.. 

8,586,680 

1818.... 

325,000 

I860.. 

3,826,752 

1883. 

8,529,300 

1820... 

400,000 

1861- 

3,712,390 

1884.. 

7,811,727 

1823.... 

455,166 

1862. 

3,943,469 

1885.. 

7,415,469 

1825.... 

581,367 

1863.. 

4,510,040 

1886.. 

7,009,754 

1827... 

690,000 

1864. 

4,767,951 

1887.. 

7,559,518 

1828.... 

703,184 

1865.. 

4,825,254 

1888.. 

7,998,969 

1830.... 

677,417 

1866.. 

4,523,897 

1889. 

8,322,824 

1833.... 

700,000 

1867. 

4,761,023 

1890.. 

7,904,214 

1836.... 

1,000,000 

1868- 

4,970,206 

1891.. 

7,406,064 

1839.... 

1,248,781 

1869- 

5,445,757 

1892.. 

6,709,255 

1840.... 

1,396,400 

1870. 

5,963,515 

1893.. 

6,976,990 

1842... 

1,099,138 

1871... 

6,627,179 

1894.. 

7,427,342 

1843... 

1,215,350 

1872.. 

6,741,929 

1895. 

7,703,459 

1844... 

1,999,608 

1873.. 

6,566,451 

1896.. 

8,659,681 

1845.... 

1,512,500 

1874.. 

5,991,408 

1897.. 

8,796,465 

1847.... 

1,999,508 

1875- 

6,365,462 

1898. 

8,609,719 

1852.... 

2,701,000 

1876.. 

6,555,997 

1899.. 

9,421,435 

1854.... 

3,069,838 

1877.. 

6,608,664 

1900. 

8,959,691 

1855... 

3,218,154 

1878.. 

6,381,051 

1901.. 

7,928,647 


•Great Britain’s maximum production of pig 
iron was reached in 1899. 






















18 


Production of Coal in Great Britain. 

Great Britain has not been dependent upon 
any other country for any part of her supply of 
mineral fuel; she is, indeed, an exporter of coal 
in large quantities. The following table, com¬ 
piled from the reports of His Majesty’s inspectors 
of mines, gives the official statistics of the pro¬ 
duction of coal in Great Britain from 1854 to 1901. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1854 .. 

64,661,401 

1870.. 

110,431,192 

1886... 

157,518,482 

1855 .. 

64,453,070 

1871.. 

117,352,028 

1887... 

162,119,812 

1856.. 

66,645,450 

1872.. 

123,497,316 

1888.. 

169,935,219 

1857.. 

*65,394,707 

1873... 

128,680,131 

1889.. 

176,916,724 

1858 .. 

65,008,649 

1874.. 

126,590,108 

1890.. 

181,614,288 

1859.. 

71,979,765 

1875.. 

133,306,485 j 

1891.. 

.185,479,126 

1860... 

80,042,698 

1876.. 

134,125,166 

1892.. 

181,786,871 

1861.. 

83,635,214 

1877.. 

134,179,968 

1893.. 

164,325,795 

1862... 

81,638,338 

1878.. 

132,612,063 

1894.. 

188,277,525 

1863 .. 

86,292,215 

1879.. 

133,720,393 

1895.. 

189,661,362 

1864.. 

92,787,873 

1880.. 

146,969,409 

1896.. 

195,361,260 

1865... 

98,150,587 

1881.. 

154,184,300 

1897.. 

202,129,931 

1866.. 

101,630,544 

1882.. 

156,499,977 

1898.. 

202,054,516 

1867 .. 

104,500,480 

1883.. 

163,737,327 

1899.. 

220,094,781 

1868.. 

103,141,157 

1884.. 

160,757,779 

1900.. 

225,181,300 

1869... 

107,427,557 

1885.. 

159,351,418 | 

1901.. 

219,046,945 


The maximum production of coal in Great 
Britain was reached in 1900. 


Production of Iron Ore in Great Britain. 

The following table of the production of iron 
ore in the United Kingdom from 1855 to 1901 has 
been compiled from Mr. Richard Meade’s “Coal 






























19 


and Iron Industries of the United Kingdom ” 
(London, 1882) and from the “Mineral Statis¬ 
tics” of His Majesty’s inspectors of mines. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1855... 

9,553,741 

1871.. 

16,334,888 

1887.. 

13,098,041 

1856... 

10,483,309 

1872.. 

15,584,357 

1888.. 

14,590,713 

1857.... 

9,573,281 

1873. 

15,577,499 

1889.. 

14,546,105 

1858.... 

8,040,959 

1874.. 

14,844,936 

1890. 

13,780,767 

1859.... 

7,880,316 

1875.. 

15,821,060 

1891.. 

12,777,689 

I860... 

8,024,205 

1876. 

16,841,584 

1892.. 

11,312,675 

1861... 

7,215,518 

1877. 

16,692,802 

1893.. 

11,203,476 

1862.... 

7,562,240 

1878.. 

15,726,370 

1894.. 

12,367,308 

1863... 

9,088,960 

1879. 

14,379,735 

1895.. 

12,615,414 

1864.... 

10,064,890 

1880.. 

18,026,050 

1896.. 

13,700,764 

1865.... 

9,910,045 

1881.. 

17,446,065 

1897.. 

13,787,878 

1866... 

9,965,012 

1882.. 

18,031,957 

1898.. 

14,176,938 

1867... 

10,021,058 

1883.. 

17,383,046 

1899.. 

14,461,330 

1868.... 

10,169,231 

1884. 

16,137,887 

1900. 

14,028,208 

1869... 

11,508,525 

1885. 

15,417,982 

1901.. 

12,275,198 

1870... 

14,370,655 

1886.. 

14,110,013 




The maximum production of iron ore in Great 
Britain was reached in 1882. Great Britain is a 
large importer of iron ore, chiefly from Spain. 


Production of Bessemer Steel Ingots in 
Great Britain. 

The statistics of the production of Bessemer 
and open-hearth steel ingots in Great Britain 
have been collected by Mr. J. S. Jeans, secretary 
of the British Iron Trade Association. The pro¬ 
duction of Bessemer steel ingots from 1868 to 1901 
has been as follows, in gross tons. There are 
no trustworthy statistics for earlier years. 




























20 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

1868... 

110,000 

1880.. 

1869.... 

160,000 

1881.. 

1870... 

215,000 

1882.. 

1871.... 

329,000 

1883.. 

1872.... 

410,000 

1884. 

1873... 

496,000 

1885.. 

1874.... 

540,000 

1886. 

1875.... 

620,000 

1887.. 

1876.... 

700,000 

1888. 

1877.... 

750,000 

1889. 

1878... 

807,527 

1890.. 

1879.... 

834,511 

1891.. 


Gross tons. 

! Years. 

Gross tons. 

1,044,382 

1892.. 

1,500,810 

1,441,719 

1893. 

1,493,454 

1,673,649 

1894.. 

1,535,384 

1,553,380 

1895.. 

1,535,225 

1,299,676 

1896.. 

1,815,842 

1,304,127 

1897.. 

1,884,155 

1,570,520 

1898.. 

1,759,386 

2,089,403 

1899.. 

1,825,074 

2,032,794 

1900.. 

1,745,004 

2,140,791 

2,014,843 

1,642,005 

1901. 

1,606,253 




Production of Open-Hearth Steel Ingots in 

Great Britain. 

Tiie production of open-hearth steel ingots in 
Great Britain from 1873 to 1901 has been as fol¬ 
lows. Authentic statistics for earlier years are 
wanting. In 1894 the production of open-hearth 
steel first exceeded that of Bessemer steel. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1873.... 

77,500 

1883.. 

455,500 | 

1893.. 

1,456,309 

1874.... 

90,500 

1884.. 

475,250 

1894.. 

1,575,318 

1875... 

88,000 

1885- 

583,918 

1895.. 

1,754,737 

1876.... 

128,000 

1886.. 

694,150 

1896.. 

2,317,555 

1877.... 

137,000 

1887.. 

981,104 

1897.. 

2,601,806 

1878.... 

175,500 

1888.. 

1,292,742 

1898.. 

2,806,600 

1879— 

175,000 

1889.. 

1,429,169 

1899.. 

3,030,251 

1880... 

251,000 

1890. 

1,564,200 

1900.. 

3,156,050 

1881— 

338,000 

1891.. 

1,514,538 

1901.. 

3,297,791 

1882. 

436,000 

1892.. 

1,418,830 



















































21 


Total Production of Steel in Great Britain. 

The following table, compiled from statistics 
published by the British Iron Trade Association, 
gives the production of all kinds of crude steel in 
Great Britain from 1873 to 1901. We have added 
to the production of Bessemer and open-hearth 
ingots an estimated production of crucible ingots 
and other steel. Steel castings are not included. 


Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

Years. 

Gross tons. 

1873.... 

653,500 

1883.. 

2,088,880 

1893. 

3,049,763 

1874... 

710,500 

1884. 

1,854,926 

1894. 

3,210,702 

1875.... 

788,000 

1885.. 

1,968,045 

1895.. 

3,389,962 

1876... 

908,000 

1886.. 

2,344,670 

1896.. 

4,233,397 

1877.... 

967,000 

1887.. 

3,150,507 

1897.. 

4,585,961 

1878.... 

1,063,027 

1888. 

3,405,536 

1898.. 

4,665,986 

1879.... 

1,089,511 

1889.. 

3,669,960 

1899.. 

4,955,325 

CO 

OO 

o 

1,375,382 

1890.. 

3,679,043 

1900.. 

5,001,054 

1881.... 

1,859,719 

1891.. 

3,256,543 

1901.. 

5,000,000 

1882... 

2,189,649 

1892.. 

3,019,640 




Great Britain’s maximum production of all 
kinds of steel was attained in 1900. 


Production of Iron Ore in Germany. 

In his admirable and unequaled volume on 
‘‘Coal and Iron in All Countries,” prepared for 
the Paris Universal Exposition of 1878, Johann 
Pechar gives the production of iron ore in Ger¬ 
many and the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg at 
various periods prior to 1869 as follows : 1848, 
693,725 metric tons; 1853, 903,236 tons; 1857, 
1,962,054 tons ; 1862, 2,216,023 tons ; 1866, 2,996,- 
148 tons ; 1867, 3,264,464 tons ; 1868, 3,634,302 tons. 























22 


The production of iron ore in Germany and 
Luxemburg from 1869 to 1901 is given by Dr. H. 
Rentzsch as follows, in metric tons. Germany 
imports iron ore from neighboring countries. 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1869... 

4,083,807 

1880.. 

7,238,640 

1891.. 

10,657,521 

1870... 

3,839,222 

1881.. 

7,573,772 

1892.. 

11,539,133 

1871.... 

4,368,025 

1882.. 

8,263,254 

1893.. 

11,457,533 

1872.... 

5,895,674 

1883.. 

8,756,617 

1894. 

12,392,065 

1873... 

6,177,576 

1884. 

9,005,796 

1895.. 

12,349,600 

1874... 

5,137,468 

1885.. 

9,157,869 

1896.. 

14,162,335 

1875.... 

4,730,352 

1886.. 

8,485,758 

1897.. 

15,465,979 

1876.... 

4,711,982 

1887.. 

9,351,106 

1898.. 

15,901,263 

1877.... 

4,980,048 

1888.. 

10,664,307 

1899.. 

17,989,635 

Oo 

CO 

5,462,055 

1889.. 

11,002,187 

1900.. 

18,964,294 

1879... 

5,859,439 

1890. 

11,406,132 

1901.. 

16,570,258 


The maximum production of iron ore in Ger¬ 
many and Luxemburg was reached in 1900. 


Production of Pig Iron in Germany. 

The production of pig iron in Germany and 
Luxemburg in 1844 is said by Dr. Wedding to 
have amounted to only 171,000 metric tons, and 
Herr Pechar says that in 1848 it amounted to 
205,342 tons. It was not until 1866 that the pro¬ 
duction reached 1,000,000 tons, in which year it 
is said by Dr. Wedding to have amounted to 
1,046,954 tons. Since 1869 it has been as fol¬ 
lows, in metric tons, according to Dr. Rentzsch, 
of Dresden-Blasewitz, the statistician of the Ver- 
ein Deutscher Eisen und Stahl Industrieller, who has 
verified the figures in the table. 


L.of C. 


























23 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1869... 

1,409,429 

1880. 

2,729,038 

1891.. 

4,641,217 

o 

CO 

t-H 

1,391,124 

1881.. 

2,914,009 

1892. 

4,937,461 

1871.... 

1,563,682 

1882.. 

3,380,806 

1893.. 

4,986,003 

1872.... 

1,988,395 

1883.. 

3,469,719 

1894.. 

5,380,039 

1873... 

2,240,575 

1884.. 

3,600,612 

1895.. 

5,464,501 

1874... 

1,906,263 

1885. 

3,687,434 

1896.. 

6,372,575 

1875.... 

2,029,389 

1886.. 

3,528,657 

1897.. 

6,881,466 

1876.... 

1,846,345 

1887.. 

4,023,953 

1898.. 

7,312,766 

1877... 

1,781,989 

1888.. 

4,337,121 

1899. 

8,143,132 

1878.... 

2,147,641 

1889.. 

4,524,558 

1900.. 

8,520,541 

1879.... 

2,226,587 

1890. 

4,658,450 

1901.. 

7,860,893 


Germany’s maximum production of pig iron 
was reached in 1900. 

Adding the production of pig iron by Great 
Britain in 1901 to that of Germany and Luxem¬ 
burg, and reducing metric tons in the above ta¬ 
ble to gross tons, gives us a total production of 
pig iron by both countries in 1901 of 15,665,310 
gross tons, or 213,044 tons less than the produc¬ 
tion of 15,878,354 tons of pig iron by the United 
States in that year. 


Production of Coal and Lignite in Germany. 

The following table, for the details of which we 
are indebted for the earlier years to Dr. Hermann 
Wedding and for later years to Dr. H. Rentzsch, 
gives the aggregate production of coal and lig¬ 
nite in Germany and Luxemburg from 1848 to 
1901, in metric tons. About one-fourth of the 
annual production of coal in Germany and Lux¬ 
emburg is brown coal, or lignite. 



























24 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

| 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1848.... 

5,800,985 

1872.. 

42,324,467 

1887.. 

76,232,618 

1853... 

10,714,556 

1873.. 

46,145,194 

1888.. 

81,960,083 

1857.... 

14,867,121 

1874. 

46,658,145 

1889.. 

84,973,230 

I860.... 

16,730,492 

1875.. 

47,804,054 

1890.. 

89,290,834 

1861.... 

18,755,361 

1876.. 

49,550,461 

1891.. 

94,252,278 

1862.... 

20,660,677 

1877.. 

48,229,882 

1892.. 

92,544,030 

1863... 

22,366,203 

1878.. 

50,519,899 

1893.. 

95,426,153 

1864.... 

25,612,899 

1879. 

53,470,716 

1894. 

98,805,702 

1865. 

28,552,762 

1880.. 

59,118,035 

1895. 

103,957,639 

1866.... 

28,162,805 

1881.. 

61,540,485 

1896.. 

112,471,106 

1867.... 

30,802,8S9 

1882.. 

65,378,211 

1897.. 

120,474,485 

1868... 

32,879,123 

1883.. 

70,442,648 

1898.. 

127,958,550 

1869.... 

34,343,913 

1884.. 

72,113,820 

1899..' 

135,844,419 

1870.... 

34,003,004 

1885.. 

73,675,515 

1900. 

149,788,256 

1871... 

37,856,110 

1886. 

73,682,584 

1901.. 

152,628,931 


Of the total production of coal and lignite in 
Germany and Luxemburg in 1900 there were 40,- 
498,019 tons of brown coal, or lignite, and of the 
total production in 1901 there were 44,211,902 
tons of brown coal. 

The maximum production of coal and lignite 
in Germany and Luxemburg was reached in 1901. 


Production of Finished Steel in Germany. 

The following table gives the production of 
all kinds of finished steel in Germany and Lux¬ 
emburg from 1866 to 1901, in metric tons. We 
are indebted to Dr. Rentzsch for a verification of 
this table. Statistics of Bessemer and open-hearth 
steel ingots for early years are not available. 
Steel castings are included in the table. 


























25 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1866.... 

83,737 ! 

1878.. 

483,503 

1890. 

1,613,783 

1867.... 

88,589 

! 1879.. 

478,344 

1891.. 

1,841,063 

1868.... 

92,696 

1880.. 

624,418 

1892... 

1,976,735 

1869... 

109,753 

1881.. 

840,224 

1893.. 

2,231,873 

1870... 

125,814 

1882.. 

1,003,406 

1894.. 

2,608,713 

1871... 

143,305 

1883.. 

859,814 

1895.. 

2,831,318 

1872.... 

285,582 

1884.. 

862,529 

1896.. 

3,462,736 

1873... 

310,425 

1885.. 

893,742 

1897... 

3,863,469 

F- 

00 
T—l 

361,947 

1886.. 

954,586 

1898.. 

4,352,831 

1875.... 

347,337 

1887.. 

1,163,884 

1899.. 

4,820,275 

1876... 

377,910 

1888. 

1,298,574 

1900. 

4,825,587 

1877... 

402,643 

1 1889.. 

1,425,439 

1901.. 

4,552,952 


Germany’s maximum production of all kinds 
of finished steel was attained in 1900. 

The production of Bessemer and open-hearth 
steel ingots and castings in Germany and Luxem¬ 
burg in 1901 was 6,394,222 metric tons. Assuming 
that the production of crucible steel in Great Brit¬ 
ain in 1901 amounted to 95,956 gross tons, that 
country’s total production of crude steel in that 
year would be exactly 5,000,000 tons. Adding 
Great Britain’s production to that of Germany and 
Luxemburg gives us for both countries a total 
production in 1901 of 11,293,170 gross tons, or 2,- 
180,425 tons less than the production of 13,473,- 
595 tons by the United States in 1901. 


Production of Iron Ore in France. 

The statistical tables for this country which 
we shall present have been compiled in part 
from statistics furnished by H. Pinget, of Paris, 
























26 


secretary of the Comity des Forges de France, 
and in part from official government statistics. 
The production of iron ore in France from 1860 
to 1900 (not including Algeria) has been as fol¬ 
lows, in metric tons. Algeria appears hereafter. 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

I860.... 

3,604,638 

1877.. 

2,426,278 

1890- 

3,471,718 

1865.... 

3,658,464 

1878. 

2,469,953 

1891.. 

3,579,286 

1866... 

3,790,168 

1879.. 

2,271,173 

1892.. 

3,706,748 

1867.... 

3,279,395 

1880. 

2,874,263 

1893.. 

3,517,438 

1868.... 

3,005,094 

1881. 

3,032,070 

1894.. 

3,772,101 

1869.... 

3,461,672 

1882.. 

3,467,251 

1895.. 

3,679,767 

1870.... 

2,899,593 

1883. 

3,297,853 

1896.. 

4,062,390 

1871.... 

2,099,706 

1884.. 

2,976,948 

1897. 

4,582,236 

1872.... 

3,081,026 

1885.. 

2,318,104 

1898.. 

4,731,394 

1873.... 

3,051,124 

1886.. 

2,285,648 

1899- 

4,985,702 

l'- 

oo 

2,516,548 

1887.. 

2,579,465 

1900.. 

5,447,694 

1875.... 

2,505,870 

1888. 

2,841,757 



1876.... 

2,393,340 

1889.. 

3,070,389 

. 



The maximum production of iron ore in 
France was reached in 1900. 


Production of Finished Steel in France. 

M. Pinget informs us that complete statistics 
of the production of Bessemer, open-hearth, and 
other steel in the form of ingots are not of record 
for the early years of this table, and that only 
the statistics of finished steel, including castings, 
are obtainable for those years. The following ta¬ 
ble gives the production of all kinds of finished 
steel in France from 1860 to 1901, in metric tons, 
including direct steel castings. 




























27 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

I860... 

29,848 

1861... 

37,777 

1862.... 

47,096 

1863.... 

37,483 

1864.... 

41,559 

1865.... 

40,574 

1866.... 

37,764 

1867.... 

46,477 

1868.... 

80,564 

1869.... 

110,224 

1870... 

94,387 

1871... 

86,126 

1872... 

141,705 

1873... 

150,529 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

1874.. 

208,787 

1875.. 

256,393 

1876.. 

241,842 

1877.. 

269,181 

1878.. 

312,921 

1879.. 

333,265 

1880.. 

388,894 

1881. 

422,416 

1882.. 

458,238 

1883.. 

521,820 

1884.. 

502,908 

1885.. 

553,839 

1886.. 

454,000 

1887.. 

493,294 


Years. 

Metric tons 

1888.. 

517,294 

1889.. 

529,302 

1890.. 

581,998 

1891.. 

638,530 

1892.. 

682,527 

1893.. 

664,032 

1894.. 

674,190 

1895.. 

714,523 

1896.. 

916,817 

1897.. 

994,891 

1898.. 

1,174,075 

1899.. 

1,239,660 

1900.. 

1,226,537 

1901.. 

1,151,170 


The maximum production of finished steel in 
France was reached in 1899. 


Production of Bessemer and Open-Hearth 
Steel Ingots in France. 

The production of Bessemer and open-hearth 
steel ingots and castings in France from 1888 to 
1901 is given in the following table, in metric 
tons. This table has been revised by M. Pinget. 
About 20,000 tons of castings are made annually. 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1888.... 

591,807 

1893.. 

789,852 

1898.. 

1,433,717 

1889.... 

626,232 

1894.. 

818,200 

1899.. 

1,499,026 

1890.... 

683,358 

1895.. 

875,974 

1900.. 

1,565,164 

1891.. . 

1892.. . 

744,484 

825,486 

1896. 

1897.. 

1,180,743 

1,325,213 

1901.. 

1,465,071 









































28 


Production of Coal and Lignite in France. 

The production of coal and lignite in France 
from 1787 to 1901 has been as follows, in metric 
tons, about one ton in fifty being lignite. France 
is a large importer of coal from Great Britain 
and other countries. It also imports coke. 


Years. 

1 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1787.... 

215,000 

1872.. 

15,802,515 

1887.. 

21,287,589 

1802.... 

844,180 

1873.. 

17,479,341 

1888.. 

22,602,894 

1812.... 

835,523 

1874.. 

16,907,913 

1889.. 

24,303,509 

1820.... 

1,093,658 

1875.. 

16,956,840 

1890.. 

26,083,118 

1830.... 

1,862,665 

1876.. 

17,101,448 

1891... 

26,024,893 

1840... 

3,003,382 

1877.. 

16,804,529 

1892.. 

26,178,701 

1850.... 

4,433,567 

1878.. 

16,960,916 

1893.. 

25,650,981 

I860.... 

8,303,682 

1879.. 

17,110,979 

1894.. 

27,416,905 

1865.... 

11,600,404 

1880.. 

19,361,564 

1895.. 

28,019,893 

1866... 

12,260,085 

1881.. 

19,765,983 

1896.. 

29,189,900 

1867.... 

12,738,686 

1882.. 

20,603,704 

1897- 

30,797,629 

1868.... 

13,253,876 

1883.. 

21,333,884 

1898.. 

32,356,104 

1869.... 

13,464,205 

1884.. 

20,023,514 

1899... 

32,862,712 

1870.... 

13,330,308 

1885.. 

19,510,530 

1900.. 

33,404,298 

1871.... 

13,258,921 

1886.. 

19,909,894 

1901.. 

32,301,757 


The maximum production of coal and lignite 
in France was reached in 1900. 


Production of Iron Ore in Algeria. 

The production of iron ore in Algeria, which 
is now regarded as a part of the French Republic, 
was as follows from 1873 to 1900, in metric tons. 
All the iron ore mined in Algeria is exported. 
The figures given below are not included in the 
production of iron ore in France, already given. 






















29 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1 

Years. 

Metric tons 

1873.... 

444,718 

1883.. 

556,980 

1893.. 

393,921 

1874.... 

534,524 

1884.. 

492,936 

1894.. 

343,830 

1875.... 

557,285 

1885.. 

419,174 

1895.. 

318,416 

1876.... 

511,569 

1886.. 

432,761 

1896.. 

374,476 

1877. 

454,236 

1887.. 

437,643 

1897.. 

441,467 

QO 

00 

375,838 

oo 

oo 

oo 

1—1 

383,958 

1898.. 

473,569 

1879.... 

417,853 

1889.. 

351,800 

1899.. 

550,941 

1880.... 

614,146 

1890. 

474,632 

1900.. 

601,788 

1881.... 

1882.... 

656,646 

567,119 

1891.. 

1892.. 

404,964 

452,603 




Production of Pig Iron in France. 


The production of pig iron in France from 
1819 to 1901 has been as follows, in metric tons. 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1819... 

112,500 

1870.. 

1,178,114 

1886.. 

1,516,574 

1830... 

266,361 

1871.. 

859,641 

1887. 

1,567,622 

1840... 

347,774 

1872. 

1,217,838 

1888. 

1,683,349 

1850.... 

405,653 

1873. 

1,381,626 

1889.. 

1,733,964 

1855... 

849,296 

1874.. 

1,415,897 

1890.. 

1,962,196 

1859... 

864,399 

1875.. 

1,448,272 

1891.. 

1,897,387 

I860.... 

898,353 

1876.. 

1,435,212 

1892.. 

2,057,258 

1861.... 

966,895 

1877.. 

1,506,827 

1893.. 

2,003,096 

1862.... 

1,090,838 

1878.. 

1,521,274 

1894.. 

2,069,714 

1863... 

1,156,875 

1879.. 

1,400,286 

1895.. 

2,003,868 

1864.... 

1,212,751 

1880. 

1,725,293 

1896.. 

2,339,537 

1865.... 

1,203,711 

1881.. 

1,886,350 

1897.. 

2,484,191 

1866... 

1,260,348 

1882.. 

2,039,067 

1898.. 

2,525,075 

1867.... 

1,229,044 

1883.. 

2,069,430 

1899.. 

2,578,401 

1868... 

1,235,308 

1884.. 

1,871,537 

1900. 

2,714,298 

1869.... 

1,380,965 

1885.. 

1,630,648 

1901. 

2,400,240 















































30 


Production of Iron Ore in Belgium. 

The statistics of the mining and metallurgical 
industries of Belgium which we shall present are 
official Government statistics. This country is a 
large importer of iron ore but it is a large pro¬ 
ducer and exporter of coal. The imports of iron 
ore into Belgium in recent years have amounted 
annually to about 2,500,000 tons. Its exports of 
coal and coke aggregate about 6,000,000 tons an¬ 
nually. The production of iron ore from 1840 to 
1901 has been as follows, in metric tons. 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

H-* 

OO 

O 

191,812 

1874.. 

527,050 

1888. 

185,542 

1845.... 

394,544 

1875.. 

365,044 

1889.. 

181,526 

1850. 

299,272 

1876.. 

269,206 

1890.. 

172,291 

1855. 

852,134 

1877.. 

234,127 

1891.. 

202,204 

1860... 

809,176 

1878.. 

207,157 

1892.. 

209,943 

1865.... 

1,018,231 

1879.. 

195,212 

1893.. 

238,783 

1866... 

886,641 

1880.. 

253,499 

1894.. 

311,222 

1867.... 

602,829 

1881.. 

223,412 

1895.. 

312,637 

OO 

o 

GO 

519,740 

1882.. 

208,867 

1896.. 

307,031 

1869.... 

628,046 

1883.. 

215,670 

1897.. 

240,774 

1870.... 

654,332 

1884.. 

176,005 

1898.. 

217,370 

1871.... 

697,272 

1885.. 

187,118 

1899. 

201,445 

1872.... 

749,781 

1886.. 

152,508 

1900.. 

247,890 

1873.... 

503,565 

1887.. 

172,436 

1 

1901. 

218,780 


The maximum production of iron ore in Bel¬ 
gium tvas reached in 1865. 


Production of Pig Iron in Belgium. 

The production of pig iron in Belgium from 
1845 to 1901 has been as follows, in metric tons. 























31 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1845.... 

134,563 

1872.. 

655,565 

1887.. 

755,781 

1850.... 

144,452 

1873.. 

607,373 

1888. 

826,850 

1855.... 

294,270 

1874.. 

532,790 

1889.. 

832,226 

I860.... 

319,943| 

1875.. 

541,805 

1890.. 

787,836 

1861... 

311,838 

1876.. 

490,508 

1891. 

684,126 

1862.... 

356,550 

1877.. 

470,488 

1892. 

753,268 

1863.... 

392,078 

1878.. 

518,646 

1893.. 

745,264 

1864... 

449,875 

1879.. 

389,330 

1894. 

818,597 

1865.... 

470,767 

1880.. 

608,084 

1895.. 

829,234 

1866.... 

482,404 

1881.. 

624,736 

1896.. 

948,023 

1867... 

423,069 

1882.. 

726,946 

1897.. 

1,035,037 

1868... 

435,754 

1883. 

783,433 

1898.. 

979,755 

1869.... 

534,319 

1884. 

750,812 

1899.. 

1,024,576 

o 

QO 

rH 

563,468 

1885. 

712,876 

1900.. 

1,018,561 

1871... 

609,230 

1886.. 

701,677 

1901.. 

764,180 


Production of Steel Ingots in Belgium. 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons 

1865... 

650 

1886.. 

155,169 

1895. 

407,634 

1870... 

4,321 

1887. 

216,186 

1896.. 

598,974 

IQ 

l- 

oo 

1 — 1 

54,420 

1888.. 

231,847 

1897.. 

616,604 

O 

QO 

OO 

rH 

132,052 I 

1889.. 

254,397 

1898.. 

653,130 

1881... 

141,640 

1890.. 

221,296 

1899.. 

- 731,249 

1882... 

182,627 

1891.. 

221,913 

1900. 

655,199 

1883.... 

179,489 

1892.. 

260,037 

1901. 

515,780 

1884.. . 

1885.. . 

185,916 

155,012 

1893. 

1894. 

273,113 

405,661 




Production of Finished Steel in Belgium. 

The following table gives the production of 
finished steel in Belgium, including steel rails. 


















































32 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

1865... 

545 

1878.. 

102,259 

1891.. 

206,305 

1866... 

930 

1879.. 

88,952 

1892.. 

208,281 

1867.... 

1,420 

1880.. 

102,772 

1893.. 

224,922 

1868.... 

1,857 

1881.. 

119,237 

1894. 

341,318 

1869.... 

2,826 

1882.. 

151,291 

1895... 

367,947 

1870... 

4,062 

1883.. 

156,301 

1896.. 

519,311 

1^71... 

6,622 

1884. 

153,999 

1897.. 

527,617 

1872.... 

12,389 

1885.. 

125,461 

1898.. 

567,728 

1873... 

18,533 

1886.. 

137,771 

1899.. 

633,950 

1874.... 

30,932 

1887.. 

191,445 

1900.. 

568,539 

1875.... 

45,536 

1888.. 

185,417 

1901.. 

489,640 

1876.... 

64,543 

1889.. 

214,561 



1877.... 

90,646 

1890.. 

201,817 




Production of Coal in Belgium.* 


Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons. 

Years. 

Metric tons 

1830.... 

2,568,054 

1873.. 

15,778,401 

1888- 

19,218,481 

1835... 

2,638,731 

1874. 

14,669,029 

1889.. 

19,869,980 

1840... 

3,929,962 

1875.. 

15,011,331 

1890. 

20,365,960 

1845... 

4,919,156 

1876. 

14,329,578 

1891. 

19,675,644 

1850.... 

5,820,588 

1877.. 

13,669,077 

1892.. 

19,583,173 

1855.... 

8,409,330 

1878. 

14,899,175 

1893.. 

19,410,519 

1860... 

9,610,895 

1879.. 

15,447,292 

1894.. 

20,534,501 

1865.... 

11,840,703 

1880.. 

16,886,698 

1895.. 

20,450,604 

1866.... 

12,774,662 

1881.. 

16,873,951 

1896.. 

21,252,370 

1867.... 

12,755,822 

1882.. 

17,590,989 

1897.. 

21,492,446 

1868.... 

12,298,589 

1883.. 

18,177,754 

1898.. 

22,088,335 

1869... 

12,943,994 

1884. 

18,051,499 

1899- 

22,072,068 

o 

00 

H 

13,697,118 

1885... 

17,437,603 

1900. 

23,462,817 

1871.... 

13,733,176 

1886.. 

17,285,543 

1901.. 

22,213,410 

1872.... 

15,658,948 

1887.. 

18,378,624 




* The production of lignite is not included. 





































































